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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD and are believed to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. They do not cure the disorder and only help manage symptoms if they are they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, upset stomach, anxiety and tics. Children and teens who are taking stimulant drugs experience a minor reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant is the most well-known drug used to treat ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, including chewable tablets with liquid and an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to improve focus. It may also reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD when combined with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters normally from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in blood pressure or heart rate. People with diabetes should also be cautious when taking this medication because it can cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. Speak to your doctor when you experience any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate can also cause the condition known as Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as pain in the fingers and toes. This is a rare, but serious side effect. It is essential to notify your doctor if any of these symptoms occur. There is a concerns that methylphenidate can slow the growth of children, but it hasn't been proved to be the case. If your child is taking methylphenidate be sure to keep an eye on their weight and height. If your child is taking a methylphenidate tablet that contains phenylalanine, it could pose a risk for children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Ask your doctor about a different formulation of methylphenidate in case you suffer from PKU. Stimulants are the most popular treatment for ADHD, but certain people are not able to use these medications. In these cases, doctors could prescribe another medication that performs in a similar manner. There are also other stimulants, like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These drugs are a little more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer. The typical dosage is every day, either twice or three times, but some people may be able to take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however they are less likely to prove beneficial than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that increases concentration and reduces hyperactivity as well as impulsiveness. It's part of a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. two chemical messengers that regulate the brain's activity. It is a favorite among people of all ages who need a different medication than stimulants like Adderall or Vyvanse. medications for adhd in adults is important to know that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It could take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this medication begin to show. There is also the possibility of experiencing negative side effects, such as nausea and drowsiness. However, the benefits of atomoxetine outweigh the risks for most patients. The effectiveness of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled trial with 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In medications for adhd in adults as well as placebo groups depression symptoms were less. The atomoxetine group saw more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was not significant. In a follow-up open trial in a second open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were given atomoxetine treatment for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group showed improvements in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Screening version rated and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales improving significantly. One patient had to withdraw due to an outbreak of rash. Additionally, three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil and co., 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your medical history as well as any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as other over-the-counter medicines. Tell your doctor whether any of the following conditions are present for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or a history sudden death. Also, avoid atomoxetine if taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline or phenelzine, as well as tranylcypromine, in the past 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It can also decrease impulsivity, and increase focus. However it doesn't affect the brain the same way that stimulants do. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion is available in capsules and tablets. It's important to take the medication as prescribed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur when you stop abruptly. The most common dosage is two or three doses daily separated by four to six hours. The dose can range from 100 mg twice or three times a day up to 150 mg daily, three or four times. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, meaning it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it can enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion may increase blood pressure, which is why it's vital to monitor it regularly. In addition to helping improve the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It is a method of blocking dopamine receptors in your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from reaching your brain, which helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs, so it's important to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's also important to determine whether you suffer from any allergies. Also, avoid caffeine or other stimulants, as they can make the side effects more severe. Several studies have examined the effects of bupropion versus placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies had mixed results, and many were not conducted properly. A majority of these studies excluded participants with psychiatric co-morbidity. The data indicate that bupropion does have a small effect on ADHD. However, more research is needed to identify positive outcomes for patients such as improvements in quality of life. Additionally, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is needed before effective treatment can be created. This is a greater understanding of the relationship between different molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know the way that anti-ADHD medications work in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects. These drugs, like imipramine and Nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help people to focus. These older drugs can have severe side consequences. They are generally only employed when other drugs fail. The first option of antidepressants for depression is usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in certain cases, despite their long history. These drugs are effective in treating neuropathic pain and other conditions but their antidepressant action is not the same. They potentiate noradrenephrine by inhibiting its reuptake. They also function as lower modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity and less serious side effects than the tricyclic antidepressants. They are also safer during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for animals or humans. If they are abruptly stopped, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor might suggest gradually lowering the dose over several weeks to lessen the negative effects. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as an adhd drug. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which improves concentration. It is also believed to reduce anxiety and stress. It can be paired with stimulants for quicker and lasting results. There are medication for adult add -approved nonstimulant ADHD medications, however many people find relief from herbal remedies and dietary supplements. A diet that is low in sugar and fat may also aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people might benefit by abstaining from caffeine. Discuss with your doctor any medicines you or your child is taking such as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, so it's sometimes a process of trial and error to find the appropriate dosage and medication for your child or yourself.